Cultural Assimilation Essays - Cultural Assimilation, Assimilation

Cultural Assimilation It is a big controversial subject that how much an international student should assimilate in the new culture. The result can move on a big scale. Depending on the person and its relationships it can cause depression. Two of my friends Aniko and Ivan are assimilating differently in the new culture. Aniko and Ivan share some similarities in the new culture. They both come here for the same reasons. They wanted to improve their language skills. Also they wanted to get an American degree. In addition they both wanted to continue their athletic carrier. Like Aniko, Ivan was accepted easily by Americans because they both good athletes. In the beginning the magic of the new life stile leave the emotions and differences deep inside. However just because Americans like them playing for them it doesn't mean they can assimilate easily. For international students it's much harder to decide how much to assimilate because their stay in the U.S. is usually temporary. Depending on personalities either way this students going to have problems. So after the magic of the firs weeks the differences were "braking up to the surface". Although Aniko and Ivan have similar attitudes, they also differ in many ways from each other. They were both spoiled a bit (which they told me them self), but Aniko was more open for changes, and could hide more her emotions. In the end of the third week Ivan started to "freak out", while Aniko looked like the same as the first two weeks. It was easier to see how Ivan changes because he is a funny guy. While his emotions were really on the surface, we could tell easily that something was wrong because he wasn't funny anymore. On the other hand Aniko a quiet tipical model of a "nice girl", so it was hard to tell most of the people when she had some problems. Aniko was close to a total assimilation, while Ivan just assimilate partially. Now, a distance of a year and a half I can tell they differ from each other pretty much. Ivan made mach more friends from his natives than Americans. His using his own language much more than english when his not in school. On the other hand Aniko has much more American friends than native, and most likely as a result of this she is speaking english 99 percent of the time. She also becomes Americanized because she doing the same activities that Americans doing, for example she watching tons of TV shows. The effect of a new culture change people different ways. Even Aniko and Ivan who had similar background, personalities and goals become two really different persons in the new culture. In addition from what they do and what king of friends they make to how much english they use we can tell the differences easily. However, how is this going to influence their future no one can tell yet.

Alloy Definition and Examples in Chemistry

Alloy Definition and Examples in Chemistry An alloy is a substance made by melting two or more elements together, at least one of them metal. An alloy crystallizes upon cooling into a solid solution, mixture, or intermetallic compound. The components of alloys cannot be separated using a physical means. An alloy is homogeneous and retains the properties of a metal, even though it may include metalloids or nonmetals in its composition. Alternate Spellings: alloys, alloyed Alloy Examples Examples of alloys include stainless steel, brass, bronze, white gold, 14k gold, and  sterling silver. Although exceptions exist, most alloys are named for their primary or base metal, with an indication of other elements in order of mass percent. Uses of Alloys Over 90% of metal used is in the form of alloys. Alloys are used because their chemical and physical properties are superior for an application than that of the pure element components. Typical improvements include corrosion resistance, improved wear, special electrical or magnetic properties, and heat resistance. Other times, alloys are used because they retain the key properties of component metals, yet are less expensive. Example Alloys Steel: the name given to an alloy of iron with carbon, usually with other elements, such as nickel and cobalt. The other elements add a desired quality to the steel, such as hardness or tensile strength.Stainless Steel: another iron alloy, which typically contains chromium, nickel, and other elements to resist rust or corrosion.18k Gold: this is 75% gold. The other elements typically include copper, nickel, or zinc. This alloy retains the color and luster of pure gold, yet is harder and stronger, making it better suited for jewelry.Pewter: an alloy of tin, with other elements such as copper, lead, or antimony. The alloy is malleable, yet stronger than pure tin, plus it resists the phase change of tin that can make it crumble at low temperatures.Brass: a mixture of copper with zinc and sometimes other elements. Brass is hard and durable, making it suitable for plumbing fixtures and machined parts.Sterling Silver: is 92.5% silver with copper and other metals. Alloying silver makes it h arder and more durable, although the copper tends to lead to greenish-black oxidation (tarnish). Electrum: Some alloys, like electrum, occur naturally. This alloy of silver and gold was highly prized by ancient man.Meteoritic Iron: While meteorites may consist of any number of materials, some are natural alloys of iron and nickel, with extraterrestrial origins. These alloys were used by ancient cultures to make weapons and tools.Amalgams: These are mercury alloys. The mercury makes the alloy much like a paste. Amalgams may be used in  dental fillings, with the mercury intact, although another use is to spread the amalgam and then heat it to vaporize the mercury, leaving a coating of another metal.

CORPORATE AND SECURITIES LAW Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CORPORATE AND SECURITIES LAW - Case Study Example The paper applies both corporate and securities law to solve the issue existing at Bagofglass, Inc. (BofG). Peter, the petitioner in the case, seeks compensation for damages caused by Bog as provided under section 11 of corporate law. Bagofglass Inc., through its CEO, Mr. Erwin Mainway, signed the registration statement. The statement took effect on January 1, 2011 after its successful filing on December 10, 2010. In the statement, Bagofglass Inc declared public offering of its shares. Mr. Peter bought shares after the statement became effective. Each share sold at ten dollars; Peter purchased a thousand shares. On January 15, the Company violated the agreement stipulated in the statement by selling its shares at fifteen dollars per share. Peter, the plaintiff, therefore, alleges that Bagofglass violated the law by omitting the facts stated in the registration statement. Therefore, the registration statement signed by Erwin was misleading. In this case, Bagofglass Inc’s CEO is liable as the signatory and director of the corporation. Corporate Law provides that if an individual purchases the shares not in the initial offer, except when from a third party, the plaintiff may seek compensation for damages caused by false statements as provided under section 11. Therefore, it is possible for Mr. Peter to recover against Bagofglass and its staff involved in giving a misleading registration statement. The staff includes Mr. Ewin Mainway (Bagofglass Inc.’s CEO), the law firm representing Bagofglass Inc., Dewy, Cheat hem and How (DUCHY) and the accounting firm representing BofG, Ernest and Ernest, LLP (E&E). The law firm, DC&H is liable if they expertise the portion of the initial public offering of Bagofglass, Inc. The aforementioned statement takes effect only if the conducted reasonable investigations provide facts beyond reasonable doubt that DUCHY participated at the time when the registration statement thereon was untrue. However, DC&H are not liable in

Business Investors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Investors - Essay Example The aim is actually to create a balance of money in circulation i-e bringing money supply and demand in equilibrium to accomplish business growth and economic stability. Secondly, Fed changes the Reserve ratio which means the percentage of commercial bank deposit liabilities required as reserves. And third is the change of discount rate which is the interest rate the Fed charges on loans to banks and thrifts. (McConnell and Brue, 2002) Fed uses a â€Å"tight monetary policy† when an economy observes inflation (increasing trend in prices). Here I assume that it is a demand-pull inflation which means that Aggregate demand is excessive relative to the economy’s full employment level of real output. It is actually the spending that has resulted in inflation. Fed then reduces the money supply by open-market purchases, increase the reserves ration and the discount rates. Banks will in turn stop issuing new loans as old loans are paid back. Higher interest rate discourages investment, reduce aggregate demand and refrain this inflationary trend. A typical business cycle has four stages which include peak, recession, trough and economic recovery. A â€Å"Peak† is observed when the economy reaches a temporary maximum point. Here, the economy is at full employment level and the output is at or very closer to economy’s capacity. Then, the peak is followed by an economic decline called as â€Å"Recession†. The total output produced, trade, prices, employment and income generated by an economy contracts and it observes a negative growth. The next stage is known as â€Å"Trough† where output and employment reaches a â€Å"temporary minimum†. The Fed in order to cope with this situation introduces an â€Å"easy monetary policy† which aims to increase money supply by pumping more money in the economy, lower reserves ration and discount rates. Investment is encouraged because of reduction in interest rates, aggregate demand increases and

Dicrimination in Work Place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dicrimination in Work Place - Essay Example Earlier this week, a federal jury unanimously awarded him a whopping $25 million as a result† (Gordon par. 1). The discrimination in the work place specifically focuses on race and color discrimination ("Section 15†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). One firmly shares the contention that discrimination in the work setting must be immediately addressed through the proper legal avenues. Issues Discussed The discrimination case that was legally filed in court was a racial harassment lawsuit, which, according to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), reveals that â€Å"racial harassment cases at the EEOC have surged since the early 1990s from 3,075 in Fiscal Year 1991 to nearly 7,000 in FY 2007. In addition to investigating and voluntarily resolving tens of thousands of race discrimination cases out of court, the EEOC has sued more than three dozen employers this decade in racial harassment cases involving nooses† (â€Å"Conectiv and Subcontractors†¦Ã¢â‚¬  par. 9). Nooses we re reportedly being hanged with a stuffed monkey hanged on it and placed in Turley’s car. ... As emphasized by the EEOC, â€Å"[e]mployers risk intervention by the EEOC when supervisors ignore racially offensive working conditions and fail to take prompt and effective remedial action to stop it† (â€Å"Conectiv and Subcontractors†¦Ã¢â‚¬  par. 4). It was allegedly indicated from Gordon’s discourse that â€Å"its executives went to great lengths to stop it, even suspending the guilty employees. Mills said the evidence unequivocally showed "a work environment that went beyond harassment" (Gordon par. 3). From the facts disclosed in the article, it was evident that through a thorough examination rendered from court proceedings, the results and the verdict of awarding a substantial amount in damages to Turley was only enough proof that workers and management at Arcelor Mittal were guilty, as charged. The three years of agony and repeated prejudice and discrimination that Turley endured in the work setting had to be stopped through using the proper avenue to f ile charges of racial discrimination and harassment. Every organization’s human resources department is well aware of the laws and regulations that promote equal employment opportunities that explicitly discourage discrimination through Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII), to wit: This law makes it illegal to discriminate against someone on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex. The law also makes it illegal to retaliate against a person because the person complained about discrimination, filed a charge of discrimination, or participated in an employment discrimination investigation or lawsuit. The law also requires that employers reasonably accommodate applicants' and employees' sincerely held religious practices, unless doing so

Criteria for eco-hotel

Criteria for eco-hotel Introduction Tourism is one of the leading growth sectors of the global economy, bringing in billions of dollars annually in developing countries and transporting millions of people internationally. But the tourism industrys growth through the years has created an increasing amount of stress on the environment. Ecotourism is nature-oriented and environmentally focused and is growing rapidly. Ecotourism aside, many in the hotel industry have recognized the negative impact their business activities have on the environment and have taken action to alleviate those impacts. Environmentally responsible business practices dovetail well with the newfound popularity of ecotourism. They harmonize tourism and environmental sustainability. Eco-hotels are a name given to represent a hotel or an accommodation that has made the surroundings improvements to its structure so as to reduce its impact on the environment. This is known also known as green hotel which are environmentally-responsible accommodation that follow practices of green living. To be considered as environmentally responsible these hotels have to be certified as ‘green by an independent third-party or by the state they are located in. Traditionally, these hotels are qualified as Eco Hotels because of their location, their design inspired by the use of traditional building and the eco activities they offer. Chapter 1 Literature Review 1.0 Criteria for eco-hotel: An eco-hotel must as a rule meet the following criteria: Rely on the natural environment Environmental sustainability Should be able to safeguard the ecology Should sensitize people about the environmental training programs Should be able to bring intercultural exchange Should be able to increase the countrys revenue Maintaining the organization building by using non-hazardous cleaning agents and laundry detergent 100%organic cottonsheets, towels and mattresses Non-smoking atmosphere Renewable power sources like solar or wind energy Bulk natural soap and facilities as an alternative of individual packages to reduce waste Guest room and hotel lobby recycling bins Towel and sheet re-use (guests can tell housekeeping to leave these slightly used items to reduce water utilization) Energy-efficient lighting On-site transportation with green vehicles Serve natural and local-grown food Non-disposable dishware Offers a fresh-air exchange structure Gray water recycling, which can be used in the kitchen, bath and laundry water for garden and landscaping Newspaper recycling plan 1.1 Hotels having this Criteria Copenhagen: No.1 Green hotel in the World. Eco star: 1 Stars: 4 Location: Europe Country: Denmark Copenhagen Towers in line with the Green Building Standard is the first hotel in Denmark that has got linked with the UNs Global Compact. It has been considered that the building can saved about 1.373 tons of carbon dioxide annually and it has also been awarded the golden nail for being the most pioneering eco-friendly building. The Crowne Plaza Towers was constructed in 2009 using the most modern renewable and most sustainable resources. According to the president of Copenhagen Hotel Management, Sandeep Sander, the notion used by the hotel was to be more sustainable first to produce most of the energy used and to save as much energy as possible. â€Å"One of the key power saving initiatives is the mechanism of a groundwater based system, is based on the idea of recycling energy, and provides both heating and cooling to all 366 hotel rooms, the conference room section, kitchen, restaurant, and the ancillary office building.†Actions such as intelligence control of lightning and low-energy light sources have been taken to guarantee that the consumption is kept low. The majority of the part of the hotels IT infrastructure were used on foundation of energy saving and renewability. Managing director for Crowne Plaza Copenhagen Towers, Allan L. Agerholm acknowledged: â€Å"The bikes invite the guests to move in new habits that benefits their personal health and wellbeing as well as the environment in general. The guests plainly provide the energy in the hotel. On one hand, the biking might represents an emblematic sustainable act. Yet on the other it also presents that the socio-eco-awareness now also apply for the service area.† The Crowne Plaza Copenhagen has used this new concept- green concept- for the interests of the hotel, its employees and the guests. the prominent Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong, the Hotel Nikko Hongkong occupies one of the citys choicest locations in Tsimshatsui EastISO 14001 plus other awards. Eco star: 2 Stars: 5 Location: Asia Country: Hong Kong In line with ISO 14001, Hotel Nikko Hong Kong has dedicated itself to the ecological shield. Its purpose has been to give environment-friendly services in their industry so as to be distinctive competitive as compared to others. Its aim is to provide good biodegradable services for its guests. It has also committed itself into taking appropriate techniques to stay away from pollution and towards the preservation of resources. To sponsor tourism marketing, Hotel Nikko has joined Friends of the Earths 2008-09 as a Saturn corporate member, the second highest contribution tier. The hotel management and staffs also helps to support environmental services to the guests so as to diminish wastage of natural resources and pollution done to the environment. To encourage its employees, the â€Å"Green Innovator Award† was the mechanism used to award the most innovative and convenient environment initiatives anticipated by the hotel. The concept used by Hotel Nikko Hong Kong is the 6R. Th e 6R concept consist of the following aspects: Reduce, Reuse, Replace, Repair, Refill and Recycle. The hotel has used this concept to control waste water organization. It is done in the safest way. The orchid- ECOTEL licensed by HVS Eco Services website has a wealth of good information Eco star: 3 Stars: 5 Location: Asia Country: India A tree always grows from its roots; every building needs a strong base The Orchid Hotel is found in Mumbai and it is Asias first qualified environmental friendly five-star hotel and it has been approved the ISO 14001. They just think in having a sustainable development which can build up an experience where: Deluxe need not disturb, Comfort need not compromise and Enjoyment need not be insensitive. The creation itself was designed particularly in such a way that is eco-friendly and even the resources used are sustainable and can be conserved. For the civil work, they have used: Cement They have opted for the PPC (Portland Pozzalana Cement) which hold 15-20% fly ash, as compared to OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement) Their internal partitions were built from wall panels made of compost waste and they can be reusable later. AAC (autoclaved aerated concrete) Water conservation by adopting the 6R theory Aerators/flow restrictors Sewage management plant Drip irrigation Drinking water treatment (aquazone) Rubber wood Medium thickness fibre wood Reused wood Triple glazed windows 1.2 Environmental Management In the 1980s and 1990s environment pressures has greatly affected the various industries and nowadays it has become such an important thing that it is not only affecting the outputs but even the inputs and process. Hotel industry has provided a major benefit to local and national economies; its growth has also put in danger the environment and socio-cultural area of where its developing. David Kirk (1981) argue that the hospitality sector is more affected as most hotels restaurant are situated near beauty and historic places where the need to protect is greater and even more vital. The addition of services to attract more tourists has already affected such places and thus more constrains crops up when building such facilities. Moreover tourists dont care about their action which contributes to the degradation of the environment. They expect to be pampered and dont pay attention to lashings of hot water, long time showers, and huge amount of supply of towels, copious food and more the need to be taken to the airport in limousines. We can say that nothing can be done to reduce the amount of waste without the help of the tourists, even if manager applies new ways of doing in the management of waste guests plays an important role. Environmental management is such a broad concept that it encloses aesthetic, cultural, ecological and social. There is a whole big work that should be done to educate people about the importance of a proper management of them. The hotel industry is one that consumes a lot of energy as a huge amount is to provide comfort and service to guest that are ready to pay for a unique treatment and entertainment. The amount of energy varies from Hotels due to their size and volume of guests. In the investigation of Paulina Bohdanowicz (2001) she finds out that Heating and air conditioning represent the highest energy consumption and is even consuming twice as catering which can be found at the second position. There is a wide misconception in the hotel industry about reduction of energy use. Tourism is not giving an important consideration to this aspect as there is no proper planning to directly influence the output of energy consumption. Local resources could be used like solar, wind, hydro these are excellent source of alternative energy as they have low impact over the environment. As tourism is a growing and evolving industry eco-(sustainable) tourism represent a currently small market but with time it may become the leading industry with millions of environmentalists and more consumers aware of environmental issues. Unfortunately more developers, planners believe that doing a sustainable development cost more and take more time. It will also provide less profits as more investment and less services will be available. It is true that green building offer many advantages like better economic opportunities, more comfort and convenience, better working and enhanced working environment, competitive advantage through the marketing and technology advancement, greater profits as building green cost less if it is correctly control and operated, offer an increase product and asset value as it represent the new era. The slogan â€Å"think globally, act locally† has been around in green politics for a long time but it is still very relevant. Problems are created at a local level through the business, leisure and activities provided by hotels. Robert F. Bruner (2004) clearly states that when you look around, it as if as economy has gone global, each one is copying on others ways of doing. These activities may result in effects on the environment at a local level and collectively at a national and global level therefore to change global trend one must change locally. Tourism objective is to offer service entertainment, comfort and luxury as well as a numerous range of services in an aggressive competitive market. There is a must to consume more energy to provide such services. The only way to control the production of such services is to get in close cooperation with all the stakeholders involved right at the beginning of the planning stage. 1.3 Some Important events in Environmental management: 1956: Clean Air Act; 1970: Department of Environment established; 1972: publication of â€Å"Limits to Growth†; 1973: formation of Green Party; 1974: Control of Pollution Act; 1987: Montreal Protocol (CFC emissions); 1987: Treaty of Rome; 1987: Bruntland Report (sustainable development); 1987: HM Inspectorate of Pollution; 1990: European Environmental Agency; 1990: White Paper on Environmental Strategy; 1992: Rio Earth Summit Conference; 1993: UK National Sustainability Plan. Environmental management was given more importance with the rise of health problem due to pollution from industries. Industries expanding themselves caused great damage to environment with the massive pollution they were doing. Without the interest of the highest level of an organization it is less likely that a company will involve itself in environmental management. Therefore to be able to do such thing there should be the participation of everyone in a company so that ideas develop flourish. The first step is to have a vision and to transform them into objective and targets with clear monitoring so as to have control and communication being done for everyone to go into the same direction. The next step is to conduct an environmental audit into the company so as to identify areas to be made targets. Environmental Management touches sector like purchasing policies, waste management and waste disposal in a company. A department should be created in order to fulfill those required task so as to enhance and to show a real endeavor towards environment protection. 1.4 Environmental management in the hospitality industry Not much interest was put in the hospitality sector until the creation of the International Hotels Environment Initiative, which was launched by the Prince of Wales. The first main objective was to create a manual on environmental management for hotels. The Hotel Catering Institutional Management Association (HCIMA) and the World Travel and Tourism Council have established an initiative on environmental management awareness. The programme, known as â€Å"Green Globe†, has as its main objective the aim to provide practical and low-cost means by which hospitality companies can follow rules to undertake environment improvements base on international guidelines. 1.5 Policies and Standards set for Eco-Hotels There are several places in the world whereby green hotels/ eco hotels are now being practiced. In most cases, by setting up several laws and regulations on hotel construction, government has forced the hotels builder in constructing eco-hotels. There are also several associations which are fighting for a more eco-friendly buildings and hotels. A few key building environmental assessment tools presently in use comprise of: Canada: LEED Canada / Green Globes China: GBAS India: Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) / GRIHA Japan: CASBEE United States: LEED / Living Building Challenge / Green Globes / Build it Green / NAHB NGBS / International Green Construction Code International Green Construction Code (IGCC) United Kingdom: BREEAM A few key building environmental assessment tools such as BREEAM (United Kingdom), and CASBEE (Japan) are a great help for the consumers in determining a structures aim and level of the environmental accomplishment. They reward credits for optional construction features which sustain green model in categories such as the site location and upholding of building site, conservation of water, etc. The stage of achievements are then determined through the number of credits. Governments have begun to command a reduction in the use of energy and emissions. In US in the construction industry, â€Å"Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design† also known as â€Å"LEED,† is being developed as a widely-accepted standard. The LEED certification has been modified by the U.S. Green Building Council to give facilities to all buildings to earn points in many categories, helping thus the hotel operators to be able to obtain certification for their existing services. They thus earn points by being sustainable in: The low energy use which reduces the release of air pollutants and greenhouse gases By reducing water consumption by 30% The use of recycle products to renovate. The use of innovative technologies that help in reducing energy usage thus achieving other types of sustainability. There is on about 1,200 LEED-certified buildings till the end of 2008, most of which are new instead of renovated buildings. The government also plays a very significant role in the industrys eco- environment, not only by creating environmental resources to help the industry. The government officials also shared their acquired experience on ecological work with the practitioners. According to the United Nations Environmental Program, 2001, the French Ministry of Spatial Planning and Environment along with some hotels has been sponsoring the making of teaching materials for environmental issues. The Hong Kong and French government also shows the importance of pursuing sustainable tourism by funding two cases. Referring to: Hotels environmental management systems (ISO 14001) by Wilco W. Chan and Kenny Ho we can see the chart with the different departments and its aims. Introduced in China during the year 2003 with the publication of China Hotel Associations standards for green hotels, it was targeted to build and develop 10,000 green hotels by 2010. In May 2007, URBN Hotels Resorts, a hotel situated in Shanghai, entered into an accord with Emissions Zero, a company which sells offsets greenhouse gas emissions. URBN plans was to calculate the hotel ‘s total amount of energy consumed, to then purchase credits in order to reduce its footprint by investing In the local green projects. In the islands where tourism industry is backbone for economic growth, due to the fear of losing developers, there is often a lack of regulations. Two examples are Barbados and Jamaica, whereby they utilize funds raised to coordinating the Plan for a Sustainable Tourism and the Tourism Product Development Company. They have developed curriculums concerning sustainable practices for the different hoteliers. The Government initiatives for examples such as Energy Conservation Building Code 2007 are mostly focused on how to preserve environment. A new code had been launched June 2007 clearly specified that only the energy performance requirements for all commercial buildings will constructed in India. 1.6 IPD Environment Code In February 2008 the IPD Environment Code, which was supposed to be a good practice global standard, has been launched. The Code was introduces in order to measure the environmental performance of corporate buildings. Its aim is to accurately assess, evaluate and deal with the environmental impacts of commercial buildings. The Code covers a broad array of building types which have as aims to: environmental plan creation Communicating a responsibility to the improvement of the environment. Create performance targets Environmental improvement plans Life cycle assessments United Nations (UN) has introduces an Agenda 21 which is connected to sustainable development, a blueprint of action. It is supposed to be taken internationally, on a national scale and locally by different types of organizations of the UN, governments, and major groups that is in every part in which the humans has an effect on the environment. A great number of organizations, due to the increasing interest in eco-building concepts, are now developing the different standards and rating systems which are encouraging the governments regulators as well as the construction professional in adopting eco-buildings with more conviction. There are also different codes being written which are now being adopted by the government in order to reduce the different environmental impacts of all the buildings. 1.7 Eco activities offered to tourists by Eco-Hotels Over the past years, the tourism industry has begun to promote and expand and some tourists adopted and supported the concept of ecotourism, especially in coastal and marine locations (Miller, 1991; Miller Auyong, 1991b; Grenier et al.,). Ecotourism dates to year 1965 when Hetzer required a reconsidering of cultural education in tourism context and promoted ecological tourism (eco-tourism). Today eco-tourism has become an international concept that makes up the principles of preservation, conservation and sustainable development. According to Valentine (1991) in the literature ecotourism is also recognised as ‘adventure tourism, nature-oriented tourism, alternative tourism, appropriate tourism, soft tourism, responsible tourism, ethical tourism, environment-friendly travel, green tourism, sustainable tourism, and nature tourism. The list could be extended with other alternatives like equality tourism, ethnic tourism, ‘cultural tourism, socio-ecological tourism, photo-saf ari tourism, dive tourism or surfing tourism. A tourist activity, a private venture or government service, and a guide for ethical conduct are some technical definitions given to ecotourism. For Hetzer (1965), responsible eco-tourism is assessed against four standards: Minimum environmental impact; Minimum impact on and maximum respect for host cultures; Maximum economic benefits to the host countrys grassroots; and Maximum recreational satisfaction to participating tourists. The Ecotourism Society, a non-profit organisation created in 1990 to serve tour operators, conservation professionals, protected area management specialists, researchers, and guides, among others, defines ecotourism as responsible travel that conserves the environment and sustains the well-being of local people. For example in Shanti Maurice hotel, along with the local inhabitant, use composting for waste reduction. However, there is not yet any standard method to quantify the amount of ecotourism. Bangs (1992) notes that, while generic tourism increases around 4% annually, ecotourism is growing at a rate of 30%. Lindberg (1991) stated that nature-based tourism contributed between $2 and $12 billion in 1988 to the economies of developing nations. According to Miller (1993), today, demand for travel shows greater deviation and magnitude than ever before, so making the tourism industry the biggest business on the earth. The increase in availability of public transport, car ownership, outbound travel, and new interests in nature based ecotourism, with the increased leisure time implies a promising future to marine eco-tourism. As a result more careful and detailed preparation and planning is necessary to accommodate the estimated arrival of tourists to coastal areas. But still ecotourism is often disadvantaged by limited access, lack of transport and poor resort facilities, including lodging facilities. It is essential to achieve a good balance between the development of leisure and the preservation of natural resources is to sustain the high quality of recreational activities. The concept of the 3s (sea, sand, sun) tourism is changing to more sustainable tourism activities. There are different eco hotels which offer different activities to tourists depending on their surrounding environment. Hereunder is a list of eco hotels of different eco star ratings and the eco activities they offer to the tourists. 3 star Eco hotels Leaves and Lizards Arenal Volcano Cabin Retreat(Central America-Costa Rica) Guests learn about consequences of deforestation and its effects on biodiversity, climate and water during their stay at Leaves and Lizards. Information is shared and discussed during guided tours, through casual conversations and written material in guests rooms. Activities available there to tourists are horse riding, white water rafting, zip lines (Tyrolean traverse) and canyoning. Admirals Inn-north (America- USA) Information of all the local environmentally-friendly activities that are in the area, including beach walking and hiking are given to guests. Al Tarfa Desert Sanctuary Lodge Spa- (Africa-Egypt) Al Tarfa is an adventure destination, offering daily activities such as guided walks in the desert, local community experiences, camel or horse rides inthedunes or 44 visits to local pharaonic, as well as Islamic ruins and natural hot springs. Other rewarding experiences can be arranged, including trips to theadjacent Oases, theWhite Desert Protected Area and theGilf Kebir National Park. Lake Manyara Tree Lodge- (Africa-Tanzania) This offers a number of specialist safaris as activities to guests. Ants Nest and Ants Hill- (South Africa) The aim of Ants Nest and Ants Hill is to provide a uniquely flexible safari experience Club Afrodit- (Europe-Turkey) This hotel provides various activities like morning gymnastics, nature walks, tennis, ping-pong, aerobics, basketball, volleyball, darts, water polo. Eco-Lodge Itororà ³- (South America-Brazil) Eco-Lodge Itororà ³ offers a range of activities from hiking tours to horseback riding and swimming in the crystal-clear natural pool. Ferme de Candeloup- (Europe-France) This eco hotel also acts as a Yoga centre .During the Winter, a forty minute drive brings guests to the nearest ski station, which is also just a short walk to the Spanish border. Whitewater rafting, horse riding and many other activities can also be pursued in the neighbourhood. For those of a more leisurely disposition, Candeloup is at the heart of the Juranà §on wine region, which begs to be explored. Finca del Buen Consejo- (South America-Ecuador) They offer activities in many of the local beautiful sites such as waterfall visits, mountain climbing, fly fishing, and pre Inca civilization ruins Hotel Planinka- (Europe-Slovenia) Activities organised by the hotel for the guests include mountain adventure park, paintball, hiking mountain biking, sledging, ice skating. Best Western Kamloops- (North America-Canada) In the area guests will find some of the finest golf courses in the country, horseback riding, mountain biking, hiking, fossil exploring, and Western Heritage visit. For more winter activities nearby is the excellent ski Sun Peaks Resort, which is quickly becoming one of the premier ski areas in the country. Hosteria Huechulafquen- (South America-Argentina) Guests can enjoy different excursions with diverse difficulty levels like horseback riding, trekking, mountain biking, long walks, kayaking, bird watching, scenery hiking, and the hotel specialises in catch and release fishing. Ibo Island Lodge, Quirimbas Archipelago- (Africa-Mozambique) Ibo Island Lodge provides turtle and hatching viewing opportunities to guests to the island. Iglu-Dorf- (Europe-Switzerland and Germany) Activities available there are snow show walking, igloo building and sculpting. Inkaterra Machu Picchu- (South America-Peru) Group eco-activities, such as bird watching or a guided orchid walk, are provided on their 12-acre grounds. Laguna del Lagarto Eco Lodge- (Central America-Costa Rica) The Lodge is operated in harmony with nature following extensive ecological guidelines. It is a perfect place for passionate bird-watchers and rain forest lovers. More than 10 km of well marked rainforest trails make birding and exploring easy, whether guests prefer to go alone or with a naturalist or birding guide. Matemo Island- (Africa-Mozambique) For guests who enjoy water sports, sailing, windsurfing, water skiing and banana boats, these activities are offered. Kayaks and snorkels are also available for guests to explore the islands clear waters. Rivertime resort and Ecolodge- (Asia-Laos) Rivertime resort and Ecolodge provide river tours to guests. And Tours most fascinating temples, monasteries, museums and many other sites of interest take guests to the city and local areas in the resorts minibus. Sosian Lodge-africa Kenya Sosian offers a huge range of activities including walking, horse-riding, camel safaris, game-drives, night-drives, fishing, bird-shooting, archery, tennis and swimming in the waterfalls behind the ranch house. 4 star Eco hotels Belvedere Bed Breakfast- (Europe-Italy) All sorts of activities, are provided at this hotel, like walking, trekking, mountaineering, cycling, skiing, snowboarding, snow shoeing or just relaxing surrounded by good food, wine and beautiful scenery. Brompton Lakes- (Europe-England) The site is directly on the Coast to Coast long distance footpath and ideally placed for walking, cycling and other outdoor activities. There is also a tennis court, free mountain bike hire and small rowing boats on the lakes. Cedar House Inn and Yurts- (North America-USA) Cedar House Inn and Yurts provide horseback riding, kayaking, canoeing, tubing down the Etowah or Chestatee Rivers and swimming in Dicks Creek. Mountain biking on rugged trails or road bike on the same mountainous route used by professional racers is also available. Chem chem- (Africa-Tanzania) Guests at Chem chem can experience unforgettable walking safaris and bird watching excursions. Cotton Tree Lodge- (Central America-Belize) All guest excursions are focused on the local environment and community. Guests visit waterfalls, caves, Mayan ruins, wildlife reserves, an

Womens Roles :: essays papers

Womens Roles Depending on a woman^Ã’s role or class in society, she could be restricted or praised by her words and actions. As in almost any civilization, money brings certain advantages, the greatest one of the Renaissance times being education. The upper class women were taught that silence towards and obligation to their husbands was considered proper. Eloquence was equivalent to silence in the male frame of mind. Keeping with the theme of male dominance, it has been said that "Woman^Ã’s attempt to rule is an act of treason." (2) Any act of liberation was seen as a violation against God, otherwise the people they called "men" (2). The speech of a woman has been compared to "the naked of her limbs" (4) inferring the spoken thought of a woman with any basis in intellect would be shameful, embarrassing or something even to look down upon. Therefore, because any outward act of intelligence was a "violation," this could be seen as a distinct limitation. But it has also been said that a woman could "speak very elegantly and she was able in all those languages to answer ambassadors on the sudden." (1) Although, it was only being applied to Queen Elizabeth I, the statement can also be applied to other such greats in the past like Queen Isabella of Spain, Anne of Brittany-Queen of Charles VIII, and of the mid 1440^Ã’s- Isotta Nogarola (5). The idea of a woman^Ã’s intelligence was not completely denounced in Renaissance times; everyone knew that it did exist, but the people went out about repressing it in such a way that it was viewed by the majority of people as something disgraceful and disreputable. Within the homes, for upper class women, some of the problems as mentioned above remained, but where not as severe always. Moving on, the upper class did have some leverage when it came to their inner family circle. For example, the wealthier families paid nurses to breast feed their children. But, then again, because of this, the wealthier women bore more children, each time risking their lives; for the morality rate of childbirth was 10% in all women. The age range for the wealthy women to have children fell somewhere in adolescence while the range for the poorer and merchant classes was their mid-twenties. One of the most important thing when it came to raising a child was to make sure that he or she had all his or her needs fulfilled, most importantly, once again, being necessity of knowledge in social skills and humanitarian studies. The poorer and merchant classes could not afford a formal education but men

Heineken

[Tapez le nom de la societe] 11 HEINEKEN [Tapez le sous-titre du document] poste Introduction I. The presentation of the company: HEINEKEN 1. A brief look at the history of Heineken 2. Brewing beer 3. Heineken product’s II. The presentation of market 1. Nature of marketing 2. Nature of applied research 3. Situation analysis of Heineken 4. Heineken and advertising III. My project 1. Product development strategy 2. Concept development and testing 3. Suggestions Conclusion Introduction: Heineken has wide international presence through a global network of distributors and breweries. Heineken owns and manages one of the world’s leading portfolios of beer brands and is one of the world’s leading brewers in term of sales volume and profitability. I. The presentation of the company: HEINEKEN 1. A brief look at the history of Heineken: The Heineken family entered the beer business in 1864, when Gerard Adrian Heineken bought a brewery in the heart of Amsterdam. Over the past 140 years, three generations of the Heineken family have built and expanded the brand and the company in Europe and around the world. It is thanks to the leadership of Gerard, Henry and Alfred Heineken that Heineken is one of the world’s leading brewing groups. The Heineken company name stands for many things. It began as a family business; three generations of Heineken, each with their own approach to building the business. It became Europe`s favorite beer brand – successfully exporting to every corner of the world. The history of Heineken starts on December 16th  1863. It was Gerard Adrian Heineken who, in 1864, bought the Amsterdam brewery â€Å"The Haystack†, which dated from 1592. In doing so, he laid the foundation for the Heineken concern, which was to acquire widespread international fame as time went by. Within a few years Gerard Adrian Heineken succeeded in increasing sales so much that the brewery in Amsterdam soon became too small. In 1867 construction of a new brewery began just outside the old city. His legacy was a brewery which had grown into one of the biggest and most important in the Netherlands. At the end of the nineteenth century, the competition from other breweries increased. From the 1950s onwards under the leadership of Alfred Heineken, who was the chairman of the Executive Board of Heineken NV, Heineken expanded to become an International Company. He gave the Heineken label worldwide fame and gave it a unique image. It was Alfred Heineken who came to the conclusion that beer was not a local or regional product but that beer could travel. He laid the basis for the international structure and organization of the Heineken concern. Thanks to the initiative of the Heineken family and its response to the changes in the world beer market, Heineken has grown to become the world`s most international beer brand. In the old days deliveries would be made by horse-drawn cart, but nowadays lorries take care of this. Loaded into the huge container ships in the port of Rotterdam, Heineken beer finds its way across the whole world. The export of Heineken beer took off at an early date. In the period between the two world wars, Heineken was exported to Belgium, France, Britain, West Africa and Indonesia. In 1933 Heineken became the first foreign brewery to export beer to the United States after the prohibition. That turned out to be a great success. But there is more – apart from exporting beer, Heineken also acquired stakes in the local breweries all over the world. It has also built its own breweries. Today, Heineken is sold in around 170 countries in all parts of the world; the company also has ties with 116 productions units in 57 countries. Heineken has in recent years been drawing attention to the Heineken brand by making increasing use of sponsorship. Heineken has recently sponsored the Rugby World Cup in South Africa, the  US Open, the  Davis Cup Tennis Tournament, the  Heineken Classic Golf Tournament  and the  Saint Maarten Regatta  in the Caribbean. Sports sponsorship is only one of the ways that Heineken can contribute to the lives of their customers. The Heineken brand is also strongly associated with music. They sponsor –  The Montreux,  Puerto Rico  and Umbria Jazz Festivals. 2. Brewing beer: Brewing beer is a 100% natural process. Heineken got its start when its founder fundamentally improved the process by which beer was made in a brewery that had existed for 251 years. The basic recipe is still closely guarded, and the principles of its success have remained the same: quality ingredients and a perfectly controlled brewing process. Heineken ingredients Heineken beer is made from the purest ingredients. It use only water, malted barley,  hops and yeast. Barley Barley is the major raw material used in brewing beer. Before it can be used for brewing, the barley grain must be malted. Malting helps make the starch and protein (by its natural enzymes) in barley available for brewing by breaking down the natural ce ll wall that surrounds the starch. Starch will be converted to sugar, which will produce alcohol during fermentation. Malting also forms the colour and flavour that the barley will lend to the beer. Hops Hops is one of the flavour-makers of beer, and also contributes to its shelf life. The resin from the female hop flower cones is used to help balance the sweetness of the barley with a refreshing bitterness. Water Beer contains almost 95% water. Water plays an important part in giving beer its characteristic flavor, as different sources contribute to unique beer flavors. Clean, high quality water is essential not only to our beer, but also to life everywhere. We are actively working in the communities that we're a part of to protect clean water supplies. Yeast Yeast converts malt sugars into alcohol during fermentation. There are two types: bottom and top fermenting yeast. Beers fermented with bottom yeast are called lagers and those that use top-fermenting yeast are called ales. In 1886 in Amsterdam, Dr. Elion, a student of Dr. Louis Pasteur, discovered the famous Heineken A-yeast, a strain that is still used today only by Heineken. Gluten Beer contains gluten, which comes from the grain from which it is brewed. Only a fraction of the gluten that the grain contains gets into the beer. The proportion depends on the kind of grain that is used. The use of barley results only in traces of gluten in the beer whilst wheat contributes considerably more. It also depends on the brewing process. Generally speaking: the clearer and blonder the beer is, the less gluten it may contain. Some people are allergic to gluten and have to follow a diet that minimises or excludes their gluten intake. Whether beer can be part of such a diet or not, is dependent on the extent of the allergy and the beer type consumed. In many cases lager beers pose no problem for people who have a gluten allergy. However, it is up to the individual to assess his or her sensitivity. * How beer is made Heineken beers are brewed using solely water, barley, hops and yeast. The barley is malted (soaked to initiate a natural geminating process), ground, mixed with water and then heated. Step by step, the temperature increases so that the starch in the malted barley is converted into sugars. After the solids have been filtered out, the result is ‘wort' (malt sugars), which is then brought to the boil. During the boiling process the brewers add the hops. Using only the female flowers of the hops plant gives beer its characteristic bitter taste and improves its storability. After the wort has been boiled, the next step is fermentation. First, the wort has to be cooled down to 8 degrees Celsius. Yeast is added to the wort and the process of converting the sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide can then begin. This takes place in special fermentation tanks, where the beer remains for 7 days. The result is ‘young beer' which, when cooled down to freezing point, is pumped into storage cellars for post-fermentation. One of the aims of this storage is to improve the beer's taste and clarity, and help it keep longer. Once storage is completed, the remaining step is filtration, after which a superb-tasting, bright and clear beer is filled into bottles, can or kegs. Filling and bottling are automatic processes to ensure completely hygienic conditions. 3. Heineken product’s The icon: Wherever we go, it’s always nice to see something we recognize; the green bottle, the red star and the smiling â€Å"e†, telling us instantly what’s inside: cold, fresh, quality Heineken enjoyed around the world since 1873. Aluminum bottle Heineken  launches aluminum bottle  reserved  to  the nightlife  and  trendy  bars. Designed  by  design studio  Ora  Ito,  this is  a  refined  vision  of the  Heineken  bottle,  which  transforms it  into a true  collector’s item. Heineken  Draught Keg Real  beer  now  invites itself  at home  or  outside  with  the  new keg  pressure  to  carry, easy  to share in  any occasion. Heineken  has created  the first  disposable pressure  was offering  a  true  quality beer  pressure  as well  as  the  ability to consume  beer  until  30 days  after opening. Convenient  and friendly, combining  proprietary technology  with  a  unique  and patented  integrated  pressure,  a  refined design,  the  Heineken was  to win  an Oscar  for  the  package. Heineken  15cl  small Heineken  dares  the 2006  launch of  the  15cl  bottle. Revolution in the  beer  department,  small  and practical,  its  mini size  target consumes  occasional  beer. It  is  ideal  as an aperitif  for  those  wishing to  enjoy  a  Heineken while  controlling their consumption. In  the  world  of  night,  four  years  after  the  success  of  the aluminum bottle,  its  designer,  Ora Ito  renews  its  collaboration with  Heineken. With  smoother  lines,  a  refined  and conical shape,  the  new  aluminum bottle  made the bottle very elegant. II. The presentation of market 1. Nature of Marketing Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. To efficiently accomplish their goals, ? rms today have adopted the marketing concept, which requires * A consumer orientation, * A goal orientation, * A systems orientation. A consumer orientation means that ? ms strive to identify the people (or ? rms) most likely to buy their product (the target market) and to produce a good or offer a service that will meet the needs of target customers most effectively in the face of competition. The second tenet of the marketing concept is goal orientation; that is, a firm must be consumer-oriented only to the extent that it also accomplishes corporate goals. The goa ls of profit-making firms usually center on financial criteria, such as a 15 percent return on investment. The third component of the marketing concept is a systems orientation. A system is an organized whole—or a group of diverse units that form an integrated whole— functioning or operating in unison. It is one thing for a ? rm to say it is consumer oriented and another actually to be consumer oriented. First, systems must be established to ? nd out what consumers want and to identify market opportunities. Identifying target market needs and ? nding market opportunities are the tasks of marketing research. Next, this information must be fed back to the ? rm. Without feedback from the marketplace, a ? rm is not truly consumer oriented. 2. Nature of Applied Research Marketing research studies can be classi? ed into three broad categories: programmatic, selective, and evaluative. Programmatic research is conducted to develop marketing options through market segmentation, market opportunity analysis, or consumer attitude and product usage studies. Selective research is used to test decision alternatives. Some examples are testing concepts for new products, advertising copy testing, and test marketing. Evaluative research is done to assess program performance; it includes tracking advertising recall, doing organizational image studies, and examining customer attitudes on a ? m’s quality of service. Programmatic research arises from management’s need to obtain a market overview periodically. For example, product management may be concerned that the existing market information base is inadequate or outdated for present decision making, or marketing plans may call for the introduction of new products, ad campaigns, or packaging. Typical programmatic research questions include the following: Has its target market changed? How? Does the market exhibit any new segmentation opportunities? Do some segments appear to be more likely candidates than others for the ? m’s marketing efforts? What new product or service opportunities lie in the various segments? 3. Situation Analysis of Heineken: Heineken is well-know, renowned brewery with essential strengths (Appendix-1) to be a global brand. However, at this moment, brand perception is different across the countries. Though Heineken had consistently been marketed as a premium brand, in the  US  and Hong Kong market, a distinct image was established for special occasion rather than for daily consumption while in  Latin America, Heineken is viewed as a European imported beer among others. The brand's good taste image is built on 5 core brand values: taste, premiumness, tradition, winning spirit and friendship. Heineken strategy is based on relating friendships and important relations which are built based on enjoyable, joyful, personal, luxury social conditions such as meeting people, fancy meals, savoring, elegant parties, intimate moments and place. The friendship value would be presented in several social conditions through â€Å"true friends† and â€Å"consumers can count on Heineken as a friend† expressions. The taste would be built on 5 brand values: taste experience, balanced taste, foam, advertising and packaging. Appendix-1: Strength and Weakness of Heineken Strengths| Weaknesses| * Beer of highest quality (superior quality) * Special Taste * Original formula * Traditions * Brands availability * Premium brand * Lighter Beer * Attractive packaging * Most heavily advertised Premium beer in  Europe  and Worldwide and use TV commercials  heavily| * No production base in some area * Inconsistent brand image with brand communication * TV commercials are just aired in larger markets * Lack f integrated marketing campaign * Lack of worldwide advertising campaign| Detailed recommendation to achieve the global brand * Introduce a number of innovations across liquid, packaging and format that will serve to further endorse international leadership credentials because innovation is the lifeblood of brand domain. * Heineken has a strong brand tradition. In order to flourish its  brand repu tation  across the world, convince the consumers that the brand is some way superior. Develop a relationship with customers, build  affinity  between brand and customers by sponsoring international rugby tournaments, and world soccer tournament such as -( the Champions Leagues, the UEFA Champions League,  world's premier club) where target audience of men from all over the world gather in one place. * Building the brand  recognition  for long-term  to differentiate the brand Heineken and be sure to add value to the product in order to get the brand loyalty. * Profile Heineken is one of the world's leading brewers in terms of sales volume and profitability and it has the widest presence of all international brewers through a global network of distributors and breweries. In volume terms, it has the largest brewer and beverage distributor in Europe, where it realizes more than half of its sales. It balances a strong position in stable and profitable markets such as Europe and North America with a growing presence in rapidly expanding beer markets such as China and Russia. It employs more than 60,000 people. The Heineken brand, available in almost every country on the planet, is the world's most valuable international premium beer brand. In addition, it owns and manages one of the world's leading portfolios of beer brands comprising other international premium, local and specialty brands. * Goal and market strategy Heineken's goal is to grow the business in a sustainable and consistent manner, while constantly improving profitability. The strategy to achieve this has four elements: †¢ Strive to reach a leading position in attractive markets. Focus on capturing an ever-growing share of the premium and specialty beer market segments. †¢ Work to improve efficiency and cut costs in operations. †¢ Grow through selective acquisitions, so long as they create shareholder value. * Brands Heineken owns and manages one of the world's leading portfolios of beer brands. Its principal international brands are Heineken and Amstel. Heineken is positioned as a premium brand, except for its home market in the Netherlands, and its appeal is growing in many markets. Heineken is the leading beer brand in Europe and Amstel is the third largest. In Europe, Amstel is positioned in the Mid-priced mainstream segment, the largest segment of the market, and is available in more than 90 countries around the world. Heineken also owns and manages a strong portfolio of more than 120 top-selling brands that includes Cruzcampo, Z. ywiec, Birra Moretti, Murphy's and Star. It has a limited presence in the low-priced segment of the market and its international and local brands include lagers, specialty beers, light beers (low-calorie beers) and alcohol-free beers. * Distribution Heineken is the largest beer and beverage distributor in Western Europe. In every market where it is active, it strives for comprehensive coverage through alliances with independent distributors or via its own beverage wholesalers. * Innovation Heineken works to continually meet consumers' changing needs. This can be seen in the area of marketing communication, packaging and dispense systems, where it is a recognized leader. It also works to further improve the quality, safety and cost structure of processes and products. This includes innovation in brewing technology and supply chain management, which reinforces the competitiveness of its global brand portfolio. Sustainability Heineken is committed to conducting business responsibly and ethically. It continuously takes its initiatives to combat alcohol abuse, misuse and focused resources and energy on setting even higher standards in the social and environmental areas of its business. 4. HEINEKEN and advertising: Heineken beer is a famous brand name in around the world and Ads plays the important role in the dissemination of Heineken. At the beginning, Heineken has appeared on mass media with advertisements and promotion programs very attractive, unique; use the words easy to understand. Heineken is not only a beer; Heineken is the moment comes with the image and inspiration to everyone, anytime, and anywhere. The Heineken Ads actually attracts viewers to the world of Heineken – a strange world – World of the passion. Therefore, when mention to Heineken, people immediately think about a new lifestyle has been confirmed with the events has made the impressive, such as: Heineken & Music, Heineken & Sports and Heineken & Movies. Besides Sport and Music, Heineken also sponsored to release the series of action films of Hollywood. Indeed, there were many companies chose movie is the part of the marketing plan. So what is the difference in the way of Heineken? The biggest difference is the investment, has demonstrated a long-term strategy. Starting in 2005 with the movie â€Å"Mr. & Ms. Smith†, Heineken wanted to announce that Heineken will provide viewers the excellent films. Nextly, in the summer of 2008, audiences once again be watched â€Å"Wanted† with the high technique screen and very impressive, never seen in any movie at Hollywood. in 2006, Heineken sponsored to release: † Casino Royal â€Å". Heineken, bring the passion of peak quality, the investment to the distribution system and the media attractive, has confirmed the top brand name of beer in the world. Heineken is respectfully support all of customers, who always discover and enjoy the best of life III. My project: 1. Product Development strategy Given the rapid changes in consumer tastes technology arid competition companies must develop a steady stream of new products and services. When an organization introduces a product into a market they must ask themselves some questions. . Who is interested by this kind of product? 2. What profits will they expect? 3. How to introduce the product in the market? 4. What differential advantage will the product offer over their competitors? The product should be viewed in three levels: Level 1: Core Product. What is the core benefit of your product offers? Customers who purchase a camera are buying more : they are purchasing memories. Level 2 : Actual Product: All the camera cap tures memories. The aim is to ensure that your potential customers purchases for you one. The strategy at this level involves organizations branding, adding features and benefits to ensure that their product offers a differential advantage from their competitors. Level 3: Augmented product: What additional non-tangible benefits can you offer? Competition at this level is based around after sales service, guaranties, delivery and so on. John Lewis a retail departmental store offers for free five years of guarantee on purchases of their Television sets, this gives their `customers the additional benefit of peace of mind over the five years. As they will be quiet if their purchase develop a technical problem. . Concept development and testing An attractive idea must be developed into a product concept. It is important to distinguish between a product idea, a product concept, and a product image. A product idea is an idea for a possible product that the company can see itself offering to the market. A product concept is a detailed version of the idea stated in meaningful cons umer terms. A product image is the way consumers perceive an actual or potential product. Who is the target market and who is the decision maker in the purchasing process? What product features must the product incorporate? What benefits will the product provide? How will the consumers react to the product? What will it cost to produce it? 3. Suggestions: In  today's consumer society, competition  is  increasingly  fierce. Consumers  are less  loyal  to brands  than before. Therefore  they must  remain  in  continuous innovation  in order  to  avoid  routine  and weariness  of the consumer. For  these  reasons,  the  brands are trying  to  find  new  ideas  to maintain  their  sales  and maintain  their visibility  and  attraction. 1st idea: The  creation  of  a  packaging  event  is a solution  that  strengthens the brand’s image  and  market positioning. This  type  of  packaging, launched  in  small quantities,  can  maintain  a sense  of  scarcity  of  the product. Indeed, creating a limited edition is an opportunity to do something different and to test consumer loyalty to the brand and transform it to a collector which will increase the turnover of the company. Besides, a unique and limited packaging may give the company a luxurious image because it reflects his constant search for innovation and thus seduced 2nd idea: I think that is a great idea to cover the cans by a protective film, in order o keep them hygienic and protect them against all forms of pollution. This protects  consumers  from  germs  that  can  accumulate over  the can especially that they are  in direct contact  with the  mouth. 3rd idea: Here are some facts about women and beer: * The sale of beer to women is a growing market. * Women currently account for 25 percent of beer consumption in the USA. * Women between t he ages of 21 and 30 are drinking more beer than women in other age groups. * Beer drinking among women in the 50-plus age group is on the increase, a fact that has not gone unnoticed among beer advertisers worldwide. Women beer drinkers are a discerning bunch. They demand more of their beer: more flavor, more complexity, more fruitiness, fewer calories and lower carbs. Above all, women want beer with more style and character. So, I propose to this target: women who enjoy beer; a light beer with lower alcohol content. This beer will package into new bottle with an exceptional shape which attract feminist target. 4th idea: Conversely to the can of NESCAFE I suggest a new system: It is a refrigerated can which cools when it is opening. This ensures the beer’s conservation and quality. The concept of this product is to permit the end user to consume fresh beer of very high quality. It can be consume all the time and never having to access a kitchen, refrigerator or even having to rely on an external cooling source. * All  these  ideas  will  be  developed  in a  second  report. It  will  explain why the  choice  of each  idea,  and the techniques  of achievement Conclusion: Marketing strategy allows us to generate a specific response from targeted groups of customers. It can help us to achieve the following key objectives: * increasing sales to existing customers * building customer loyalty re-establishing lapsed customer relationships * generating new business At  a broader level marketing offers significant benefits to society. These benefits include: * Developing products that satisfy needs, including products that enhance society’s quality of life * Creating a competitive environment that helps lower product prices * Devel oping product distribution systems that offer access to products to a large number of customers and many geographic regions * Offering techniques that have the ability to convey messages that change societal behavior in a positive way.

Pipefish Facts and Information

Pipefish Facts and Information Pipefish are slender relatives of seahorses. Description Pipefish are a very slender fish that has an amazing ability to camouflage, blending in expertly with the slender seagrasses and weeds among which it lives. They align themselves in a vertical position and sway back and forth among the grasses. Like their seahorse and seadragon relatives, pipefish have a long snout and bony rings around their body and fan-shaped tail. Rather than scales, they  have bony plates for protection. Depending on the species, pipefish can be from one to twenty-six inches in length. Some even  have the ability to change color to further blend in with their habitat. Like their seahorse and seadragon relatives, pipefish  have a fused jaw which creates a long, pipette-like snout that is used for sucking in their food.   Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Gasterosteiformes Family: Syngnathidae There are over 200 pipefish species. Here are some that are found in United States waters: Common Pipefish  (Northern pipefish)Chain PipefishDusky pipefishBay Pipefish Habitat and Distribution Pipefish live in seagrass beds, among Sargassum, and among reefs, estuaries and rivers. They are found in shallow waters up to waters over 1000 feet deep. They may move to deeper waters in the winter.   Feeding Pipefish eat tiny crustaceans, fish and fish eggs. Some (e.g.,  Janss pipefish) even set up cleaning stations to eat parasites off other fish. Reproduction Like their seahorse relatives, pipefish are ovoviviparous, but it is the male who raises the young. After a sometimes elaborate courtship ritual, females place several hundred eggs on the males brood patch or in his brood pouch (only some species have full- or half-pouches). The eggs are protected there while they incubate, before they hatch  into tiny pipefish that are miniature versions of their parents.   Conservation and Human Uses Threats to pipefish include habitat loss, coastal development, and harvesting for use in traditional medicines. References and Further Information Chesapeake Bay Program. Pipefish.   Accessed October 8, 2014. FusedJaw.  Pipefish Fact Sheet. Accessed October 28, 2014. Monterey Bay Aquarium. Bay Pipefish. Accessed October 28, 2014.Waller, G. 1996. SeaLife: A Complete Guide to the Marine Environment. Smithsonian Institution Press. 504 pp.

Lost In Translation essays

Lost In Translation essays All of us have been waiting for the Oscar night in order to know who won the awards. This moment is not only exciting for the actors and actresses, but also for directors, producers and many others who are involved in making movies. One of the movies that has captured some Oscar buzz is called Lost in Translation, written and directed by Sofia Coppola. This movie is a nominee for Best Picture. In addition, this movie has some related nominations such as Actor in Leading Role (Bill Murray), Directing, and Writing. This movie tells us a story of love and friendship that are taking place under unlikely circumstances. Bob Harris (Bill Murray) is a famous American actor who is experiencing difficult times in his career as well as in his personal life. As a result, he decides to take a small job in Japan, where he would appear on whiskey commercial. Due to the cultural shock, Harris spends most of his time in the hotel. There, he meets an American twenty year old Charlotte (Scarlett Johansson), who has been married to John (Giovanni Ribisi), a photographer, for two years. During her stay, she begins to question whether her marriage to John is a huge mistake. Charlotte and Bob find out that they have a lot in common, such as broken marriages, cultural shock and career difficulties. When John goes away for the job assignment, Charlotte and Bob get to know each other better and discover Tokyo together. There are indications that they may end up as more than just friends. In my opinion, this movie was greatly written. Sofia Coppola was able to capture the many differences in culture, by costume designs and visual effects. For those who have never been in Japan before; after watching this movie, they feel like I have. Also, the cultural shock was shown in every possible way. The main characters did not speak Japanese and did not have any friends nor loved ones with them in ...

The Basis of Christianity Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Basis of Christianity - Term Paper Example Although Christianity claims that there is just one God, the assign three different elements to this singular God. These elements include God himself as the Father, Jesus Christ as the Son and the third element is that of the Holy Spirit. Churches are where Christians gather to worship and the spiritual leaders of Christianity are either called priests or ministers. Their holy book of guidance is the Bible which consists of both the Old as well as the New Testament. Celebrated holidays in Christianity include Christmas and Easter which mark important milestones in the Western secular calendar.   These facts are perhaps well known to anyone who has ever heard the Christianity. The reason for choosing them as a community to base anthropological research had nothing to do with those facts but more with the Christianity’s extremely interesting and rich historical past as well as some of their values.   Christian socialism is a religious socialism that is based on the teachings and wisdom of Jesus Christ. Several Christian socialists believe that capitalism is idolatrous and has roots in greed. Greed is considered as a mortal sin in Christianity (Hastings, Mason, and Pyper).   Christianity teaches its followers some core values which, if followed, can lead the followers living a happy and prosperous life. Their first belief is having faith in one God. All Christians worship one God and consider it to be the most important thing in life. Second, which Christianity tells its followers is to respect other people. It is their core concept to give respect to other people irrespective of their age or gender. As it is written in the Bible, â€Å"Love your neighbor as yourself.† There is no commandment greater than these." (NIV, Mark 12:31). The word â€Å"love† carries respect for others in itself.

Characteristics of Juvenile offenders Research Paper

Characteristics of Juvenile offenders - Research Paper Example This age is subject to state laws whereby different countries or states have this age set between 17 to 18 years on general terms. However, in cases of serious crime e.g. murder or cases of sexual assault, the age bracket may assume a lower age limiting bar. The main aim of taking a juvenile in court is not to instill punishment on the offender but rather to establish measures that aim at rehabilitating them for them to go back to the society and be productive. The act offense in question is usually termed as delinquent rather than criminal (Aaron, 2000). In extreme cases some states have been forced to establish juvenile prison facilities due to the nature of the offense committed irrespective of the offender’s age. These young people can be identified by their various characteristics some of which are obvious while others are not. The major causes of the ever rising cases of juvenile offenders are their ever increasing habits of being rebellious, mass media and the high rate s of divorce. Juvenile offenders tend to exhibit antisocial behavior which is coupled with alienation. This is where the juvenile engages in behaviors that are not in line with social morals as well as standards. Most of these behaviors lead to bleach of peace in the family of the offenders as well as the community in which they live. Delinquents usually find themselves involved in drugs which increase their chances of committing offences to others in the society. Gun possession is another common indulgence they find themselves in. Many of these young people dwell in neighborhoods that are secluded and least patrolled by law enforcement authorities and for this reason they may at any time have an illegal fire arm. This consequently increases the level of insecurity in these areas (Balnave, et al. 2003). Such communities experience high murder and crime rates due to having